CONFOUND

kon-found': The physical origin of spiritual terms is well illustrated by the principal Hebrew words for "confounded" (rendered also "ashamed," etc.); bosh, is "to become pale" (2 Kings 19:26; Job 6:20; Psalms 83:17; 129:5 the King James Version; Isaiah 19:9, etc.); chapher, "to become red" (Psalms 35:4; Isaiah 1:29; 24:23, "the moon shall be confounded," Micah 3:7); yabhash, "to be dried up" (Jeremiah 46:24 the King James Version; Jeremiah 48:1,20 the King James Version; Jeremiah 50:2 the King James Version; Zechariah 10:5); kalam, "to blush" (Psalms 69:6 the King James Version; Isaiah 41:11, etc.). In Genesis 11:7,9, of the confusion of tongues, the word is balal, "to mix," "mingle." In Jeremiah 1:17 the King James Version it is chathath, "to bring or put down."

In New Testament, kataischuno, "to put to shame" (1 Corinthians 1:27 the King James Version; 1 Peter 2:6 the King James Version); and sugchuno, "to pour together," "bewilder' " (Acts 2:6; 9:22). the Revised Version (British and American) frequently gives "ashamed" and "put to shame" instead of "confounded."

W. L. Walker

From the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
Edited by James Orr, published in 1939 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.